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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*terku" ( ? -i-) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"saddle straps face="Times New Roman Star"торока face="Times New Roman Star"tergu" (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"terki `rear saddlebow' face="Times New Roman Star"terki (Pav. C. ), (MKypch.) tergu" (Houts. ) face="Times New Roman Star"ta"rk `place behind the saddle' face="Times New Roman Star"tirkis? face="Times New Roman Star"tirg@ face="Times New Roman Star"terig face="Times New Roman Star"terki face="Times New Roman Star"tu"rt `back, back side', tu"rt-l@x 'чресседельник' face="Times New Roman Star"to"rgu": face="Times New Roman Star"dergi face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 475-476, EDT 544, TMN 2, 499-500. The stem is connected - in a somewhat unclear fashion - with *tirke- 'to hitch' (derived from tiz- 'to string' in Хелимский 1986 and Дыбо 1995, 282 - but the latter should be properly reconstructed as *dir/-, so this derivation is by no means certain). External evidence suggests that *-i- is original here; the vowel *-e- in *terku" may be due to the influence of *de:r-ke- 'to gather; equip' (see *de:r-). face="Times New Roman Star"*toku face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"buckle face="Times New Roman Star"пуговица, пряжка face="Times New Roman Star"toqu (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"toka face="Times New Roman Star"toqqa (Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"to.qa face="Times New Roman Star"toGGa face="Times New Roman Star"toqa face="Times New Roman Star"tog|o (dial. Leb.) face="Times New Roman Star"tъw|g|a face="Times New Roman Star"tog|a face="Times New Roman Star"toqa face="Times New Roman Star"dog|a, tog|a face="Times New Roman Star"tog|a face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 485, EDT 466-467, TMN 2, 525. face="Times New Roman Star"*To(n|)gurak face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 poplar 2 willow face="Times New Roman Star"1 тополь 2 ива face="Times New Roman Star"tog|raq (OUygh. - YB ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tog|raq (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"dorany 2 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"turaq (Pav. C. ) 1, turunqu 2 (Бор. Бад. ) face="Times New Roman Star"turan|g|i 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tog|raq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"torg|aq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"daran|g|y 1 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"toGaraq 1, toran|n|y 2 face="Times New Roman Star"to:raq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"toran|g|y 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 484, EDT 472. Not quite clear is the relationship to the isolated Tur. toz 'poplar'. face="Times New Roman Star"*tEn| face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 pool 2 big river face="Times New Roman Star"1 пруд 2 большая река face="Times New Roman Star"(?) ten| (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"(Osm.) ten 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tin 2 (R.) face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 473, EDT 512. Chag. > Kalm. ten| 'Don'. face="Times New Roman Star"*dAr/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"vulture face="Times New Roman Star"стервятник face="Times New Roman Star"tasqara (dial., Malov - Xami) face="Times New Roman Star"dazzarkel face="Times New Roman Star"tasxa 'owl' face="Times New Roman Star"tas qus? (Верб. ) face="Times New Roman Star"das face="Times New Roman Star"tazqara face="Times New Roman Star"tasqara face="Times New Roman Star"tad|g|ara face="Times New Roman Star"Turk. > Kalm. tas (KW 381-382). face="Times New Roman Star"*te:l face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 wire, string 2 thong 3 strand face="Times New Roman Star"1 волосок, струна, проволока 2 ремешок, которым привязан наконечник стрелы 3 прядь, пучок нитей face="Times New Roman Star"tili 2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"tel 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tel 1 face="Times New Roman Star"til 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tal 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tel 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tel 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tel 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 471, EDT 491. Turk. > NPers., Kurd., Osset. tel etc. Bailey 129 cites Saka tti:la 'thread, wire' and considers it the source of Turkic forms, tracing it back to *tart|rya - cf. Pers. ta:r < *tart|ra. However there are no direct Iranian parallels for the Saka form (cf. Аб. 3, 288, maintaining that the Osset. and Kurd. form do not go back to Proto-Iranian but are borrowed from neighbouring languages); so the word may well be a Turkism in Saka and other Iranian languages. The Turkic origin is also corroborated by the Chuv. parallel. face="Times New Roman Star"*Te.rKe- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to observe, research face="Times New Roman Star"исследовать, обдумывать, расследовать face="Times New Roman Star"te/irke- 1 (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"terga- 'to interrogate' face="Times New Roman Star"ta"rga"w 'examination, inquiry' face="Times New Roman Star"tirge- 'to judge, discriminate' face="Times New Roman Star"terge- face="Times New Roman Star"terge- face="Times New Roman Star"terge- face="Times New Roman Star"terge- face="Times New Roman Star"terge- face="Times New Roman Star"terge- face="Times New Roman Star"terge- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 475, Федотов 2, 236-237 (the meaning `judge, discriminate' cannot be explained from Arab. terk `leave'). face="Times New Roman Star"*to"rpi-gu" face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"file, rasp face="Times New Roman Star"напильник face="Times New Roman Star"to"rpigu" (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"to"rpu" face="Times New Roman Star"do"rbi (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"to"rpu" face="Times New Roman Star"to"rpi face="Times New Roman Star"du"rbu": face="Times New Roman Star"tu"rpu" face="Times New Roman Star"tu"rpi face="Times New Roman Star"tu"rpi face="Times New Roman Star"to"rpo" (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"to"rpu" face="Times New Roman Star"tu"rpi face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 495, EDT 533. face="Times New Roman Star"*u"kek face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"box face="Times New Roman Star"ящик, сундук face="Times New Roman Star"u"kek (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"u"gex 'stockroom' face="Times New Roman Star"u"gek 'kennel; basket' face="Times New Roman Star"u"ko"k face="Times New Roman Star"o"ka"le|k 'store, stall' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 105, VEWT 370, Лексика 521. Derivation from *o":k- 'to heap up' (v. sub *o:/k`e\ ), see Аникин 579-580 with lit., is dubious, primarily for semantic reasons. face="Times New Roman Star"*o"g (*o"k) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 mother 2 sister face="Times New Roman Star"1 мать 2 сестра face="Times New Roman Star"o"g (Orkh., OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"o"ke, o"ge (dial.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"o"ke (R.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"uka, hu"ka" 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 99, ЭСТЯ 1, 519-520, Лексика 300. face="Times New Roman Star"*Vlagr/yn face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"pig, swine face="Times New Roman Star"свинья face="Times New Roman Star"(y)lag|zyn (Orkh. - a cyclical sign), lag|zyn (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 764. face="Times New Roman Star"*o"mgen face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"upper part of breast face="Times New Roman Star"верхняя часть груди face="Times New Roman Star"o"mgen (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"o"n|men face="Times New Roman Star"o"mgo"k face="Times New Roman Star"Дыбо 137-138, EDT 159, ЭСТЯ 1, 537, Лексика 271. face="Times New Roman Star"*gEmu"rgen face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"wild onion or garlic face="Times New Roman Star"дикий лук или чеснок face="Times New Roman Star"ko"vu"rgen (MK ), ko"mu"rgen (MK - Oghuz) face="Times New Roman Star"gu"mu"ren face="Times New Roman Star"ko"b@rgen face="Times New Roman Star"ko"bu"rgen face="Times New Roman Star"ko"gu"ro"n (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"ko"girhen face="Times New Roman Star"ko"bu"rgo"n face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mu"ren face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 691, ЭСТЯ 3, 100; VEWT 285; Лексика 124. Sometimes explained as derived from ko"bu"r- 'to foam' (see VEWT ibid.); this seems a folk etymology, but may explain the irregular -b- in some of the forms. face="Times New Roman Star"*ar/u face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"or face="Times New Roman Star"или face="Times New Roman Star"azu (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"azu (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"azy face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 280. face="Times New Roman Star"*otag face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 tent 2 room face="Times New Roman Star"1шалаш 2 комната face="Times New Roman Star"otag| (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"otak 1, oda 2 face="Times New Roman Star"oda (Pav. C. ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"o.to|w 1 face="Times New Roman Star"otaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"otag|, otax 1 face="Times New Roman Star"otaG 2 face="Times New Roman Star"otaG 2 face="Times New Roman Star"otax 1 face="Times New Roman Star"odag| 1 face="Times New Roman Star"odu: 1 face="Times New Roman Star"otu: 1 face="Times New Roman Star"odag| 1 face="Times New Roman Star"oto: 1 face="Times New Roman Star"otaw 1 face="Times New Roman Star"otaw 1 face="Times New Roman Star"otow 2 face="Times New Roman Star"oda 1 face="Times New Roman Star"oda 2 face="Times New Roman Star"otaw 1 face="Times New Roman Star"otaw 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 46, VEWT 366, ЭСТЯ 1, 484-487, TMN 2, 66-67, Лексика 496. Turk. > Mong. otaq (see TMN 2, 67, Щербак 1997 , 130). Some forms (like Tur. oda) suggest *o:tag - a secondary form, probably originally meaning "hearth" and derived from *o:t 'fire' and easily confused with *otag 'tent, dwelling place'. The latter, however, is very well attested (often in the shape *otagu) and certainly containing a short vowel. face="Times New Roman Star"*ek-l/c?i- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 sour, acid, bitter 2 to be sour, bitter face="Times New Roman Star"1 кислый, горький 2 быть кислым, горьким face="Times New Roman Star"eks?ig (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"eks?i 1, eks?i- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"eks?i 1, eks?i- 2 (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"a"ks?i 1 face="Times New Roman Star"egs?it- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"j@ksu" ( < *j@ks/u") 1 face="Times New Roman Star"i:s?i 1, i:s?i- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"eks?i 1, eks?i- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 118, ЭСТЯ 1, 259-260, Мудрак Дисс. 199. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kasyrku face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"whirlwind face="Times New Roman Star"вихрь face="Times New Roman Star"qasyrqu (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kasyrg|a face="Times New Roman Star"(MKypch.) qasyrqa (Houts. ), qasurg|a (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"Gasyrg|a face="Times New Roman Star"kozъrga face="Times New Roman Star"qazyrg|y face="Times New Roman Star"qa'syrg|y face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 240, ЭСТЯ 5, 332, Лексика 43, Ашм. VII, 20. Chuvash has an irregular form with initial k- (*x- would be expected). But it can hardly be a borrowing from Volga-Kypchak languages. face="Times New Roman Star"*u"ju"k face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 quicksand 2 to sink face="Times New Roman Star"1 зыбучий песок 2 тонуть, погружаться face="Times New Roman Star"u"ju"k (MK , KB ) 1, u"ju"k- (MK ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"(Xwar. ) u"ju"k 'dregs in wine' (Qutb ) face="Times New Roman Star"u"jk 'slush' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 271, 272. face="Times New Roman Star"*bokak face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"crop, craw face="Times New Roman Star"зоб face="Times New Roman Star"boqaq (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"bog|ak face="Times New Roman Star"boqag|u (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"buqo|q face="Times New Roman Star"poqaq face="Times New Roman Star"buxaG face="Times New Roman Star"buqaw face="Times New Roman Star"pog|o face="Times New Roman Star"bog|oq face="Times New Roman Star"mog|ox face="Times New Roman Star"bog|oq face="Times New Roman Star"bug|aq face="Times New Roman Star"bog|aq face="Times New Roman Star"bog|aq face="Times New Roman Star"bug|aq face="Times New Roman Star"bug|aq face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 79, TMN 2, 349, ЭСТЯ 2, 202, Лексика 150. face="Times New Roman Star"*o"n|er/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 slime (on dishes) 2 mildew face="Times New Roman Star"1 налет, слизь (на стенках посуды) 2 плесень face="Times New Roman Star"o"n|u"s 1 face="Times New Roman Star"o"n|ez 1 face="Times New Roman Star"u"n|a"d| 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 1, 538.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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